HELPING THE OTHERS REALIZE THE ADVANTAGES OF - LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko identified that the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is largely due to not enough oxygen in Nb2O5, used to be a raw substance initial soften (Czochralski system) [186]. Accordingly, depending on its output technologies, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide range of compositions Nb2O5−x. Consequently, t